Due to incomplete electron shells, paramagnetic materials contain permanent magnetic moments, but these moments have no long-range ordering. In paramagnetic materials there is sufficient thermal energy to overcome any magnetic coupling effects and to randomize the orientations of the magnetic moments. The net magnetization is zero. Applying an external magnetic field biases the orientation of the magnetic moments in the direction of the applied field. The magnitude of the induced magnetization is dependent on temperature and on the strength of the applied field. When the applied field is removed, the orientations of the magnetic moments relax back to their randomized state. Ilmenite (FeTiO3) and pyrite (FeS2) are both paramagnetic materials.
Physical Principles
Examples of Paramagnetic minerals
Below is a table of magnetic susceptibilities (χ) of some common paramagnetic materials (after Dunlop & Özedemir, 1997[1]).
Paramagnetism
Table of Contents
Physical Principles
Examples of Paramagnetic minerals
Below is a table of magnetic susceptibilities (χ) of some common paramagnetic materials (after Dunlop & Özedemir, 1997[1] ).(10-7 m3kg-1)
References
Dunlop, D. J., and Ö. Özdemir (1997), Rock Magnetism: Fundamentals and Frontiers, Cambridge Stud. Magn., vol. 3, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York.
Further Reading
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See Also
List of other relevant MagWiki pages.